Moving-pjgtube machine



J. PODJEVIN.

MOVING PICTURE MACHINE.

APPUCAHON FILED 1mm, 1915.

I 3350,1388, Patented Aug. 24, 1920.

I3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

WiTNEEfiEE l. PODJEVIN.

MOVING PICTURE MACHINE- APPLIQATION HLED JAN. 14, ms.

PatentedAug. 24,1920.

[3 SHEETS-SQIEET 2.

WITNE55E5 wil ow/7% 7 1. PODJEVIN.

MOVING PICTURE MACHINE.

arrucmou mw m1. I4. 1915.

1,350,388, Patented Aug. 24, 1920.

13 SHEETS-SHEET 4-.

9 :1, WITNE 5555 INVENTU mwad Attorney J. PODJEVIN.

MOVING PICTURE MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. u. I915.

1,350,388. Patented Aug. 24, 1920.

I3 SHEETS-SHEET 5- 11 II I I l 11/ II7ZI 1/ II II 1/ 1 11/1/11 I 1 I I I7 I] 111111 1 \W'TNE5E1E5 INVENTEIR J. PODIEVIN.

MOVING PICTURE MACHINE.

arrucmpu FILED um. 14. 1915.

1,350,388, Patented Aug. 24, 1920.

I3 SHEETS-SHEET B.

I. PODIEVIN.

MOVING PICTURE MACHlNE.

APPLICATION man 1AM. H, 1915.

I3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

Ja s

VWTNE55E5 NVENTUR Attorney J. PODIEVIN.

MOVING PICTURE MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN- 14. 1915.

1 ,350, 388. Patented Aug. 24, 1920.

I3 SHEETS-SHEET 8.

F19. 13 WITNESSES ||\l\/ENTDR WW 7% b 7% m M. M g

I. PUDJEVIN.

MOVING PICTURE MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. \4,19|5.

Patented Aug. 24, 1920.

I3 SHEETS-SHEET 9.

At'tormey J. PODJEVIN.

MOVING PICTURE MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. I4, 1915.

Patented Aug. 24, 1920.

13 SHEER-SHEET l0.

WITNE55E5 INVENTDR H b /Zzvv rz 1;, M W 4 ttorney J. PODJEVIN.

MOVING PICTURE MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MN. M. 1915.

1,350,388. Patented g 24, 1920.

mllllllllllmmmllmll: 4w

VWTNE55E5 INVENTU J. PODJEVIN.

MOVING PICTURE'MACHINE.

APPLICATHJN HLED JAN-14. 1915.

1 ,350,388, Patented Aug. 24, 1920.

13 SHEETSSHEET I2.

F1923 WITNE55E5 Attorrwey J. PODJEVIN.

MOVING PICTURE MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED JAN. I4, 1915.

1 ,35'0, 388. Patented Aug. 24, 1920.

I3 SHEETS-SHEET l3.

W|TNE55E5 INVEN TDR Attorney UNITED STATES'PAIEENT OFFICE.

.ios PH PODJEVIN, 0F .SCHfiNEGTADY, NEW YORK.

uovme-merunn onetime To all /t0?- it may concern:

lu it known that 1 .losnril Poi)JF vIN',a citizen of the United States,'res idin at Schenectady, county of Schenectadyj' i tate of New York. have invented certain new' and useful improvements in Movihg Pictnre Machines, of which the following is al specification. i i

My invention relates to apparatus for tuking and projecting moving picturesfen d more particularly to moving picture cameras and projectors. I

The object of my in vcntion'is to'p'r'ovidea combined camera and projector which] is especially suitable for use in the Home, is

romparzt, easily, portable, and so simplein g. t v

lap 'ai'r ig 'bled esWhieh move inPopposite 'dlrettions- I" s'e'cur'e an improved shutter havconstruction and so nearly automatic'fih o'p' cratlon that it can be used by u'n'slnlleti persons or-amateurs to takea'nd prmeetfmovlng pu-tures. A further object is'to provide fa'- projector'which will without stopping or changes of any lrind repeat the"exhib itlon of the pictures as often as'desireid iihd 'ivill always exhibit them in the same order 'as they were taken. Another object is to pro vide means whereby'the camera can be loaded and unloaded irrdajlight aseasily as a hand camera of the usual type. Still another object is to improve moving picture and photographic apparatus ingeneral so as to facilitate and improve both the taking and projecting of pictures, as'ivill be-hereinafter pointed out with greater particularity.

In carrying out my invention I use as a picture vehicle or picture bearing element a plate 01" glass or other non-inflammable transparent material instead of the inflammable film commonly employed. The pietures are printed or mounted on this plate f in such a way that as the plate is moved by 1 H p 1 wheel ;-Fig.f6 is a -plan'mew of the negathe driving mechanism the pictures are pr-e sented on the screen in proper sequence. In

the preferred arr:u-.::ement the pictures are so arranged on the plate that they can be shown over and over agam'i'n the'order 1n which they were taken and as l'onp as desired, without stopping either the driv'in mechanism or the movement of the plate. prefer to arrange the pi tures in an endless row or series in whicheach picture is at a uniform distance from the next, and the row or seriesof pi tures is in the form of a reflexed continuous spiral. In accordance with my invention a novel mechanicalmove merit useful in many other relations is used tomove the plate st manner which brings tiie sp i w paersr Patented Aug. 24, 1920.

y, ep-e "pictures into p'osi l ti ori" one-after' enother' an'd always in the same order; *In' th preferred arrangement the-plateis'rotiilitl step by st'epjfirs't'iii'one direction andtli'eii'intlie othere'bout :ipivot or' aigisthittisihfitmatliitlly moved back zirid forth -alongiiijiini lparanei in thej'surface 0f the platefgp that the-plate fhas iifmove ment ot-"rot'at'ioncombined" with a tad-my move-1 merit imnveisem its axis of rotation,

I 3 prefer to drivie. the mechanism by some suiteble "niq't or; siic'h -'as} 'a governor con trolled 1 sprmgmoro'ri which will drive at sl ib'stiirrtizillj wiisfiam speed, {even though the operator be' "unskilled. By using over-firig dii'riaxirnum speedf offclosing and openingw'ra 'erinit daylight loading Iprovide a s uitahle-p'liite iiolder-ivliich can be inserted and remo'vedj at Will, and can be controlled fromltheexteriorof the camerato'eitpose or cover *thesensitih ephite, as desired.

My invention will best be understood in connection 'with the" accompanying drawof the driven wheel; Fig. 5 is wvertiea'l longitudinal section along the line 5 -5 of FigrB and looking at the rear of the driven invention may be tive; igs' if is a. plain view-of the improved picture vehicleor glass plate; Fi'g.8 is a pl anview oflthe' holder for the picture ve hicle; Figs. 9 and 10 details'of the holder;

11 is a view in' elevation of the shutter Fig. loo ing from the interior of the camera to- Weird-the front. Fig- 12 isa pla'n view of the shutter blade; Fig. 13a vertical longitudinal section on the line 13-13 of Fig. 1

showing details of't he'driving mechanism forthe shutter and the other parts of the ing the pin clutch; Fig. 18 a IGltl' view of the apparatus with a cover on the batik re- .moved to show the motor and gearing; Fig. 19 a longitudinal vertlcwhs'eetion throughthe center of the drivenwvheel .45 and showmounted on he carriage in various ways, as for example on an axle 48 fixed to the ing the plate holder in section and with the ensitivev plate in, position to be, expose Fig. 20 av longitudinal section along theline 20-20 of 2; Fig. 21. a vertical section alongthe line 21 21 of Fig. 1

and the axisof the lens showing the parts in position for use as a camera; Fig. 22 a plan view of the front ofthe plltllflghQldG-I' ig. 2 3 a section alqri the line .l?,3 +2 o a Fig, 22; Fig. 24 etatil of the ho er shownin Fig. 22; fig. 2 5 a section along the line 25 25 of Fi 22; 215 a front view of the cover of the plate fiolderinthe closed position with most of the rim L08 removed and certain parts broken nwgagr Fig. 27 a front View of the sagme plate holder with the rover open; F s. 28; an d,

29 plan and end views of one the vanes or lG1VGS of the covei of the plate holder; and Fig. 30 a vertical seo-tion showing on an enlarged scale theinner ond'outer ends of .my impnoved spring forthe motor.

In .the device which I hiiveshown ,merely as an illustratioirof one form in; whichmy invention may he embodied, I provide a frame strong enough to'isupport the other parts of the apparatus and pneierobliy made in the. form of a IiQIt-tigh't box 40.

which may bc=used as seamen. ,Slomepart of this ,frame or box, preieraibily ,the front 41, is movably mounted tor -hinged to town a door which permits easy access to the interior'of the .box at will, and isnQrme-Hy held closed by a suitable oatoh, ln.lihe particular arrangement showman extension frame 42 is secured to the book of the ihox 40 to support .part of ,the driving Anechanism. iA

carrying handle 43. :andn finder 44=-faci1itirte q wheel-may 1 for manly purposes he made the use of-the apparatus. i V I i .In orderto iveJthe desired .motionuto the picture vehicle or pictureshearingq'z lematically moved, in a direction parallel .to

the lane :o-f rotaltion oifttheicarrier while the carrier is rota-ting. The protested embed-L ment of my inventionis thatshown in the dnawings, in which, as best shown in Figs.

3,4, and 5, 2i rotatable carrier in the form of a driven wheel 45 is rotatably mounted on acwrringe' l'og Wliiehis slidehly mounted in some s uit sthle way, ELS, for example, on u slidew'ztyflfso that it can move in a plane p'ai' llel to the plane of rotation of the cnrrler'ancl at right angles to its axis-of rotation. T ,cerrier may he rotntubly carriage.

Thecnrrier or driven wheel 4-5 .may be r0- tated end, the carriage 4'6 simultaneously move bhpk and forth in various ways, but I pre rto accomplish this result by the novel mechgnismshown in the drawings. I provide a driving pinion 49 which is jour nitled .in the frame 40 and is driven in any (les redmanner At one end of the pinion the teeth are Cutaway to leave on the ,pinion a circular portion 50.

lp theparticulsrform of device shown the pinionis tubulz r as shown in Figs. Sand 13, but tl is oonstructionismerely to permit the :ippsgg tus tohe used as a projector. For t ie, many; other, purposes for which .the me'ehanicohmovemimt,is useful the pinion andgthefilieft on which it is-mountedmavbe mgde id. Theidriving-pi-nion driveswhe driven wh'eel which rotates on the axle 48 ill ldicm pflsfifi sseries ofiteetlror pins 51, shown ingFi-gs 3,4,- and 5,.and in mesh w th the driving pinion, The :teeth or pins fil -arose an' inged thet some of, them are nearer the .ax-i's of,.ui0tati0n 'of the driven wheel than others,.and ssua result .the driving pinion ,aiiddriven; wheeleare always in mesh, .even though the axle .48 of the driven wheel is moved toward and awayfrom the driving pinion. I prefer to arrange the teethor pins 51,.asbest shown in-Fig. 5, in a regular row or series,,in WlllClLflll pins are at the same distance from each other, and the row; or series .is in the form of a spiral, sothateverypin is ,at-a different distance from the -:as ris of amtetion. 'Dhe driven solid, but in the particular construction ShOW-H is cut awavst certain points sons to form wide slotsowhichzpermit li ht to pass through the wheel. :In the pr erred oon stnuction the wheel is cut ai way-so es .to have the spiral .row of teeth .or-p'ins 51 its rotation Willmuse-the driven wheel .to rotate inone direction and sit thesame time move bodily toward one'end oififihesllidewaiy 4:7, but when thei pinion, although still rota-ting in the samedii-reotion, engages the (opposite side of therowof teeththen en wheel will rotate 4 i engagement, and the preferred construction 5. engagement with the spiral rib 52insllp0- igesoess in the reverse direction and at the same time" move bodily toward the other end of the lidgwuy '1' ilt, ii

It ibill be noted that when th'e teeth-Mi re 6? uniformly s aced every revolution 0f :the

drivin' pin1dn' '49 causes the same liheiir movem .nt) of th't- )flJlli of thed riven wheel' in alinemen't :with the pinion; irrespective) of; whether the pinion' is n'ear the'outer end-er 10 the inne-r= end 5 of the series of i pins 1 The" enguliiiniovement! oii th'e dniven "wheel due: to one revolntior'f ol lthekpinion is muclii grcaterl whe'n thewpinion near the inner end of the rrow'bfipins than: wheii-it=is near} 16 the onter end, but ithe 'linear movement is always the samen -T his 'feature *i's of -greaii importance, 'becauseit enables me we place; the maximumgmlrnb'er of pictures onitlle picturevehiele or carriedby the driveli I 20*wheel '45 and to rediice' the: space::between pictures to up =miniinum =-byi a'ri'an "ngwsthe pictn res in ilii spirah row, in lw'hioh' the linesl'r distance i betweelv each picture en'd th'e rneict" in thelseries is hltvoystlie siuiie- :I'f the :pie i ture carrier: iwerel zilw-ays" tur npd through the;

samerangle to sliiftnfromone-'pict frrevtoithez' next of the seriesth'e linoar distance between twoisnccessive pictures new the rim' of the carricris miir-h'rgredter than the linear dis '30 'tance between. we correspoiiding pictnres the driving? pinion'l provi e means for" maintiiining the teetli'; a11d? pinion in mesh ixiever-y position of the driven'wheel 45. I-1 pref-er to provide W-l'ldlfl'l 't'neans for re siliently holding: said teeti and pinion iii is that best shown in rigs. 3 and 4,-in which resiliently mounted control =members, such nsthe oontrol wheels 54,-sctiupon the driven wheel; preferably by engaging the edge grooved to cooperate with the =sluirp edges l of theueontrol wlieel. l-Any-other' desired; means nlaygbe nsed-to maintain a'press ure' I tending to keep the pinion and teeth 1 in; ienm); s clealrlyishown in F ig; -21,'1these control" wheels tie mounted on slideswhich slide in sli'deW'ays'EG and carry journals 57 for f the aXIes ofLthe control wheels. The 0011 K 66 trol wheelsare resiliently 'heldi-inken'git e- 1 3 will impart to it instep-by step rotation- Itment-with thespiml ribbysomefisn ita le means, snolr assprings' 58 iconnected by cords or flexible-couplings to 'theslides .55. The

control wheels'mrl p-refe'rnbly PInOIIIItGd HBiLI 80 'eao'h'otlier in su ch relation thaitone tends to move the driven wheel 45 along'the slideway= 48 in-one idireot-ior'i. while the other tends'tolnove it in tlie zopposit'e direction. The slides 55" zkeep the control wheels in necessnry to hold the :picture vehicle stahereinaiterdeseri sltions of the carrienwvhile the springs 58 canse' the pinion to engage the pins very firmly yet yieldin'gly, especially as the pinion approiiches the lastpin at either end ofthe seriesx The driving pinion 49 always rotates in the some direction, and the driven \yheel rotatesin onia direction until the'last pin' renbheis the pinion, whereupon the lost piliis carriedmronhrlby the pinionnntil the pinion is on the other side of the row of pins- Du-ringthis "shift or transfer the position "oi the driving-pinion does not changeflbut' the driven wheel changes its relation to the pinion. I may in some cases place esthtiom ryguide near the pinion vvith justsul'lioientclearance to permit a pinfi l to pass betweeri the guide and pinion as lorlg iis t-lie pin is between theteeth of the pinion. I hisis 'a prec'antion to prevent thepin gettin o'ut :of mesh with the pin ion, itlldlllee'l'l' ntitbe used in -most cases. The coiiti'iiued' rotation of the pinion then in tutes'thle driven wheelin the reverse direction=nntiil the last pin -zit"the"othcr end of the row heaehes 'the pinion and is carried :u 'ound byit, whereupon the driven ivhecl agitin' revel slas a nd rotates'ris in the first instande, fiifld sc on. Tofacilitat'e this sliiftor change as tlie lash'pin goes around the 1 pinion, I" provi cle snitnble shifting inenns for exerting a-pressiire wh'iclrivill assist the actionJ- 1he -preferrd constrnction 'comprisestrzinsfer-members 59, best shown in Fig.6, monnted on the carrier 45 and pref--. erably in'tlie form of plates having a. thickness less' than the cut-away portion of theteeth of the pinion, so that the transfer meniberswlirectlj en age the circular por tion of th'e pinion." Fhis portion is virtually 'e in: orr stop cooperating with'the transfer members, which have a cam surface for"engaging this portion of the driving pinion and' eornpelling thedrivenfivheel to shift so as to bring the pins from one side of 'thedriigirlgpinion to the other.

"I'n manfhasesmhepurpose for which my novel mechanical-movement is nsefulnvilhpermit the pinion 491k) bedriven continu- I ously', but in the present device, Where it' is' tionary while each- -picture isbeing exhibited antl then tomo've 'the ivehiele fan enough tobring the1nextf picture into position, the piniomdS-is; driven-by any suitable driving meen sg such-as'an infiemnittent gear which may be -driv en diirectly by hand, if desired,

but I prefer. to make its operation practically automatic windnits-Espeed-practicallj inde- I endent of theiskill of the operator bydriv- 111g byfsomeimotori mechanism, suchas a. spring moto'r,-=Whidh-need be Wound only at intervals; Thedetailsof the motor and con-n: ne'ctions:which I1 re'ferwill be more. fully:

In order that the operator may lrnow at all times the exact position of the driven wheel I provide a suitable indicator. In the preferred construction the indicator comprises a pointer or index extending through the wall of the box 4-0 and with its inner end actuated by the carriage 46, so that it moves back and forth with the can riagre. The position of the carriage is dependent upon the position .of the driven wheel and by noting the positionof the indicator the operator knows the exact point which the driven wheel has attained in its cycle of movement.

With the apparatus constructed asabove described the picture vehicle or picture bearing element has ;the pictures .arranged on itas shown in Fig. 7, in the form ofntwo spirals, one within the other 'nnd with their ends joined. .By varying the arrangement of the teeth on the driven wheel the arranger mentof the pictures on the picture vehicle can .be correspondingly .varied as desired. The picture vehicleis (If-some noninfiamrna ble transparent material, suchns glass, and is preferably in Dim-01111 of a thin p'lateifil, conveniently made octagonal, although the shape is immaterial. The picture vehicle is held by a suitable holder, such as the an-. nular holder 62 shown in Figs. 8, 9 and 10. This holder has clamping means for tl1e--.,plate, such as fixed studs 63, and an adjustable clamping stud 6.4 to en? gage the edges of the ,-.pla.te and hold it firmly .in position. The holder is ;dc-. tachably secured to the driven wheel 4-5 in any suitable way, preferably by means of two fastening pins 65 whichare secured to the holder andientersockets 66 .on the driven wheel. I also in some casesprovide steadying pins ()7 about haltlway between the Instoning .pins 165 for insuring that=the holder remains snbstiuitially parallel to theidriven wheel.

When the plate 161 is mounted ion the driven avheel, asbest .shown in Fig. 3, the pictures are in front obthe cutawaly. portions or slots ofthe wheel. As'thelmechanisrn.0per=ates,,eaoh picture .in turn comes :in front of the tubular driving pinion A9, stops, andthen movamn to make room for the next. T0 project light from any suitablesource through the tubular pinion and through the picture vehicle, I provide in .nlinement with the tubular .pinion and in i the back wall ofthe box 40 an opening-rob mally closed by a cap 68 which isremoved when the. device is used as a proj enter. The light .is focused-to enter the tubular pinion,

eoipass ithrough the slots in the driven wheel,

05 "stationary while the shutterirs opened and throu h=the pictures on ltl'hG plate-carried by the w eel and on through'itheilens. The machine .=is operated, and each picture is automatically brought into position, held foratiensfm-may be of any.

closed, .the picture; vehicle-then shifted While the shutter 18 loscdto :bningthdnext pic.- ture into position, and so on.

.Qwin to, the noneliarrai ement of the series 0 pictures to ,form a 0 used figure of other; in front of the tubular pinion. Mfihile the inner end pin .isgoing garoundthe'tubular driving pinion A9 the pictures .0, D. and E are brought into 'posiitionone aftenthe other iin-ifrorit-ioif the pinion and illuminated. When the'innerend; pin is. inposlition to bring picture 'Eriin .front ofstlie .pinion the relation.of-thepins;51' and the driving pin iou isisuchthat .rotation of the pinion in the same direction as before causes. the reverse rotntion-ofit he dniven wheel 45 in a cloolnvise (llBQCflOILfl LdIbIlDgS the series of pictures E to 'Einto position, until as the outcnend .pin goes aroundithe driving pinion, the pictures1G iH and l iare brought successtvetv into. position, until. finally the plate 61 is back to its initial position. If desired the exhibition can be repeated at once and without any. changes or adjustmerits, by ,merely .continuing ithe normal movement .ofwthewmechanism to cause the plate 61 to repeatiits movements.

The utility of nnoving ipicture apparatus dependsto a. large extent upon theefiiciency of the shutter and in accordance with my invention 1 provides very simple and substaritial shutter which is exceedingly quick aotrng, and in whichithe speed of operation bothlin closingnnd opening is twice the speed'of movementof the ileaves composing the shutter. .Owingito .itsirapidityofiaetiqn nay-improved shutter of great utilityin all kinds of cameras and photo raphimdevices-generally, and isnot limited to the particular-appanaztushere shown. .My improved shutter comprises, as (best shown in *igs. 1-1 and 12,.two overla movable blades 69, ,prefenab made of thin blaclgiinrdarubher and i-per orated in such a way that in .one relative iposition'ofthe blades theipenfdrations .70 arein registerbut ping relatively.

in another position the i perforations are out of register and-nodightcan ass. The perdiisiredsha e-or outline, but arepreferably circular. en the shutter pantially 0 en theopening through-ibis 'lensishapd, ue1to-the overlap otithe itwo circles, but when it is fully open the ripening through; it is a circle. lt i's evident-that the shutter opens from the center of the circle and closes toward the; oddter. These blailes are preferably mounted onapivots 71 intermediate their ends,so" as to move towal'd and away-from each other, like (he Hades 'of a'pair of shears, and'are actue'tedby-some means which will'give them a quick mdtion. lathe preferred con"- strnction a nsprin 7Q; holdsj'the 'bla de s apninstn'afl Hactuzit ng "earn 13, preferably square in "outline. i When the bi'aides are against the flat sides of 1 the "cam? a s'=shoi'v-n in Fig)7;1thelpenfora-tionsY0 are out of reg istem and the r shnttr is ol0sed,= but as :the barn turnsthroughbud-quarter em revolution tlie blades '69' first swing= away 'fro'in mu other .until w hen the parts "h l'fi' as shown in Fig.5 and the e'orners of the earn engage the shutter:bladesfthe 'openings come i into register, and then swing back to the ?clos'ed position as the blades again' -en-' gageftheiflatsides of theoain; "The mecha'nismi :de'seribld gives a ver j quick "movement to :the s'hutter' blades} I yet the speedfatvwhich fthe' shutten is opened and closed .is twice-that at which the shutter blade 'moyes; and -is thse'ihaxrimllrn that'haii be obtained from a shutter usin' \moir'irlg blades This ver [desirable resuilt is ddE/to the -faet 1 that the two overlapping blailes more in diametrically opposite; directions, andzthereforetheir speed relatively toieach other is a maximumg 'and'tw iee the absolute speed ofeitheronmv r iInthe particular construction shown the shutter camt73 has a tubular hub and -is mounted on the door 41 in some suitable'way; as-for example-iii a journal 74' in which'Tit is heldby a ,collarm75 secured tothe outer end of the llllbrOf the cam. Since the door Inustbe opened and closed some form of :detachabl'e coupling is necessary to per'mi'tthe cum to swing away from the driving meelianisrn'es the door ,is opened and to'be reeonnected in proper relation. .to --.the remainder: of r %the mechanism as the door :is closed. E For this purpose 18,5 appears from Figs. '11 and- 13, I provi, eathemner end of theicamhub-with recesses-or notches 76: for receivingfcoiiper ating members-,esuoheas a pin 77: yieldingly:

mounted to automatieally engage these A i'e eesses or notches, as therd'oior isi-elosed and then-properly couple the cam to the driving mechanism. I prefereto, mount the pint? in a head 78 -which is s ,Iinedon the end of the shutter driving ,sha t 79-and is ,yie'ldingly at held -by a'.sprin 80 in such a position t its tapering en willenter the tubular cam as the door is closed. As soon-as the cam is ingthe proper angulanrelation to the-sha-ft the pint"! snaps into the recesses and couples the shafts to each other :in that angular re lation;

In the apparatus illustrated the shutter blades are mounted on the door 41 to swing between the picture vehicle and the lens. As shown'more in detail in Fi 21, the lens is' mounted on the front 41 o the camera in a lens tube 81 threaded intoan adjustable holder '82"wliich is slidably mounted in a tubular guide83, und'inay be'moved back and foi'th at will by some suitable means, such'asa' pinion in'mesh with rack teeth on theholder 81;" A knurled head 84 connected =to"the iuion enables the operator to make thisadjustment'very easily and quickly. A lens capes is rovided to cover; the lens when the camera is not in use.

:j It is neo'essa'ry that the shutter and the pic'- ture vehicle=orjglassplate 61 movein syn-' ehrefnisiii'j and in} such relation that the 'slmtter'gis open'o'nly when the plate 61' is standingstilLmnd is closed while the plate is moving. This proper relative movement may obtained by -'vai ious forms of interlo'oks between the platemechanism and i the shiitterj but thepreferred form of mechanism is ti rat shown,- in which the shutter sliaft 79 hndthe shutteream 73 are given step by stefirotation'by asuit'ahle means "suchals fanintermittent gear 86, so proportioned th'at each time a pin; of the'gear engages Ia; slotin the slotted wheel the "can!' is 'quidkly 'rotated 'on'e quarterof a revolutiomnnd'is then held stationary until a'='pin again-engages'a slot. *T-he pin 77 of the couplinjg is' always in the sa'me angular relation to the slotted wheel ofthe intermittent gear, and consequently-the shutter cam 73 is always coupled to the shaft 7 9 with its flat sides in thesamefangular'relation tothe intermittent gear. As thesh'uttercam turns the shutter blades 69 approach each other; and the' perforations 70 begin tooverlap. The shutter fully open when the cam has inade=a one-eighth turn and itsdiagonally opposite 'corn'ers engage the blades (it), as shown in: Fig; i 5. As the cam continues to turn the shutter begins to close until'thecam completes drie-fourth of a revolution and its flatfsides are engaged by the blades 6 9,' whereupon the pin= on the: intermittent gear leaves; the slot andithe cam is looked until the nex't'iqus'rtenuevolution. i

i I In orderto interlock the shutter and the driven-i wheel 45' 'whiehf carries the 'picture vehicle :and compel them tomove in proper sequence I? connect-the interinittentgear 86 through; a eountershafb87 t0=ai second interbut Lprefer to =use a-isensitizedzplate' 1010f celluloid, circular ,in form and with a hole in the eenteiyas shown in *igi (i.- Theiplate is exposed in a novelholder which -is suit able :for mounting on the driven wheel' lfi. As best shown in Figs. 22 and-23, this Plate holder comprises arim 108, providedavith gear teeth -.on the outer edgeand an inwardly projecting-flange on athe' inner-edge iwith radial-slots 109 .1. The holderhas abaekillfi preferably cupped out or reoess'ed t'o: receive the 'sensiti'ivmplate; and perforated; at the center to zeoeine aspooli '111, which proj ects through i the i back *110 and eanries gafiloose clamping rin wll2i-for-rclampin'g the sensitive plate 10%) the back-110, andarlock nut 113threaded .OIILthGISPiDOLfOI' pressing the clampingwringagains't the .plate.- illhe clamping ring and lock. nut are shaped to form an annulan groove-ll l at their edges above the surface of the sensitive 'plate in the-platerholder. i a om .-i so! -T enable tlieoperatorrzto: load. the plate holder, place it in the camera in .dayii lit, expose 'the'zplat'e at':wilhwafid remmu he plate holderiiwith the exposedzpl'ate froin the camera :in i 'daylightg I prov-ide on "the plate holder a I light tight cover. "which can at will be thrown back=to expose the plate and returned to ooverlthe plateviritliont opening the camel-ax" In the preferred'construction I provide a cover avhichiis eper ated 'by'relative movement of the back 110 and therma -108 of: the-plate holder. To perinit: thisrelative: movemeht I attach the back 110 to the rimwbyistuds 115 threaded into the rim and provided 'with shoulders which leave between-the: head of the stud andthe rim- 108 a space suflicienttoreceive the edge of the back 110, while to limit this relative movement lugs 116 on the edge of theback '110 engage the studs 115; To'hold the parts against accidental displacement yet permit intentional movementmn impositive or yielding stop, such as a spring-11?, is mounted in position to engage one of the Studs 1151". v

-The' form of cover whicli I prefer for the plate holder is a "novel f0ri't1-*0f jfiri8 'dia phla'lgm which is *of generalutihtyand ifs not restricted to the particular cle'yiee-shpwnz This diaphre m'or oover,'s' h0wn 1n the open position in'F g. 26 and in the closed osition in Fig.27, is operated by relative movement of the rim 10S and 'backlflO. The eoveri's made up of a number of overlapping are shaped vanes'or leaves, each having a length of about one-fourth of the circnm eren'e'e of the rim 108. Inthe closed position the vanes overlap and have their inner edges'in the groove 114', so there-"is ndleakajge of light at the center, as with the usual typeof iris diaphragm. The vanes a;re"p'referably made of black and 'rilbbel, whichfis i in and "rigid," and is opaque to all rayst at affect-the sensitive plate-mAs shown in Fig. 29, each vane isprov'ided at one end with a pin 118 onione side and at the other end nvith a pin 119 on the other side. When the diaphragm isassembled each vane will have one end slidably=connected to the rim 108 lly-the pin 118 which extends into oneof the radial slots 109 in the flange on the rim 1108 and :itsother end pivotally connected to: the back llflnear the edge by the pin 111) which entersa hole 120 on the back 110. ll or example; as-.shown in Fig. 26, the two ad- .jaoent'vanesumLand 122 are slidably connectediito the 'rim 108 by their pins 118 whichentenslots 109.1'n the rim 108, while at t heiotlierendtheyarepivoted to the back 110 b htheiir "pins 119; The pivoted end ofieac L'vaneis overlaid by the slidably-connected end-of another vane. For example, theppivotallyconnected end ofvane 122 is overlaid byf the :slidably conneeted end of another vane: 123, which is shown broken away in-Figi'flfi to show the pivoted end (if' vane 121'. l fihe pivoted end of the vane is 'overlaid'by the slidably connected end ef ano ther pane -125,-and so on. Relative iotationmf the rim :108 and back llfl from the relative position of=l lig. 26 to that shown in Eigi' 27,' or 'ab'out'one-fonrth of a turn, moves all the vanes from closed position to the'open' p'osition. When the diaphragm is openg as 'shown inFig. 27, the vanes lie one above-"the other, one end of each vane projecting -wslight distance beyond the corresponding e'nd'of the vaneimmediately above it; asshown by the vans 121 and 122. The plate holder is loaded in the dark room by placingthesensitive plate or film agilinst the baek=110with the hole in the lilm in registry with'the hole in the center of the back. lh'espool 111 is then slipped through the back-11o and the film, the clamping ring, 112 s'lipped over the end of the spool into contact-With the film,-and the look nut-113 screwed 'onthe spool until. the spool, film, and clam-ping ring are all-firmly clampedto thebadkil'Oi The cover is closed, and the plate=holder-=is ready-to be placed in the Gamelfli r ua The p'latehol-der is detachably secured to the driven wheel fi in i any suitable manner; preferably by fastening pins 126 similar totlie'-p'ilis u sed"0nthe holder for the pictnre veh'icle "picture *bearing element and also' liy a 'set'screw127, best shown 'in Fig. 19, for 'cla 'mping- 'the spool 111' to the driven wheel '45-with the end of the spool fitting snuglyja' rejection on the'hub of the driven-wheel? 1 'hlSPIOjGCtlOD both centers and ste'adies the plate holder, and is preferably made :as shown -to fit into'th'e central opening of 'the spool 1 11'. "In order'to control the cover or iris diaphragm whi'lefthe plate holder is in-the camera I provideiight tight actuating means 

